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Colombia - GDP per capita

Multidimensional poverty index averaged for the jurisdiction. MPI identifies household and individual levels of health, education, and standard of living, 2010. Higher percentages indicate a higher level of multidimensional poverty.

Colombia - Multidimensional poverty index

Total deforestation per jurisdiction for a given year.

Colombia - Deforestation

Department Water Shortage Vulnerability Index. IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales, 2014).

Colombia - Water shortage vulnerability

Area of mangrove forest in 2018 covered by mangrove partnership areas (Socio-Manglar) and Sustainable Use and Custody of Mangrove Agreements (AUSCM) (data from Clark Labs aquaculture datasets, 2020 and National System of Protected Areas – SNAP).

Ecuador - Area of mangrove under sustainable custody agreements

Area of mangrove forest cover in 2018 (Clark Labs aquaculture datasets 2020).

Ecuador - Mangrove forest

Area of mangrove forest expansion between 2014 and 2018 (Clark Labs aquaculture datasets 2020).

Ecuador - Mangrove expansion

Area of mangrove forest loss between 2014 and 2018 (Clark Labs aquaculture datasets 2020).

Ecuador - Mangrove loss

Argentina - Human development index

Gross emissions attributable to deforestation. Estimates are based on the total biomass removal stored in the native vegetation. The numbers are subsequently transformed in CO₂-eq by multiplying carbon stock per 3.67.

Argentina - Emissions from deforestation

Argentina - Deforestation

Bolivia - Deforestation

Paraguay - Deforestation

Paraguay - Emissions from deforestation

Gross CO₂-eq. emissions from deforestation, estimated from the loss of above- and below-ground biomass (excluding soil carbon) from the EC JRC Tropical Moist Forest dataset (Vancutsem et al., 2021). Carbon stocks were converted to CO₂-eq. by multiplying by 3.67. Note that values for the most recent 2 years may change in the future when new versions of the Tropical Moist Forest dataset are released, updated to reflect whether recent forest change shows temporary degradation or permanent deforestation.

Gross (greenhouse gas) emissions from territorial deforestation (tonnes of CO2-eq) were calculated by estimating the maximum CO2-eq potentially emitted due to the full removal of the biomass as a result of territorial deforestation, estimated in a given year. This metric is calculated by multiplying the area of territorial deforestation by an estimate of the carbon stock contained in each hectare of converted land. Carbon stocks represent the total carbon stored in above- and below-ground biomass, but does not include carbon stocks in the soil. We create local estimates of biomass density (carbon stocks per hectare) using data from (Soto-Navarro et al., 2020). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq emissions by multiplying by a factor of 44/12 ( or 3.67), based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂ following (Pachauri et al., 2015).

Côte d’Ivoire - Gross greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation

Deforestation of undisturbed Tropical Moist Forest derived from EC JRC Tropical Moist Forest dataset (Vancutsem et al., 2021). Note that values for the most recent 2 years may change in the future when new versions of the Tropical Moist Forest dataset are released, updated to reflect whether recent forest change shows temporary degradation or permanent deforestation.

Deforestation maps were derived from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre 's TMF dataset Version 1 from 2023 (Vancutsem et al., 2021) using 41 years of Landsat time series at 30 metre spatial resolution and aggregated at department level. Deforestation refers to the year of change in land cover, from undisturbed or degraded forest (see above) to non-forest (Vancutsem et al., 2021).

Côte d’Ivoire - Deforestation

Degradation of Tropical Moist Forest derived from EC JRC Tropical Moist Forest dataset (Vancutsem et al., 2021). Note that values for the most recent 2 years may change in the future when new versions of the Tropical Moist Forest dataset are released, updated to reflect whether recent forest change shows temporary degradation or permanent deforestation.

Maps of degraded forest were derived from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre's TMF dataset Version 1 from 2023  (Vancutsem et al., 2021) using 41 years of Landsat time series at 30 metre spatial resolution and aggregated at department level. Forest degradation was defined as a disturbance in the tree cover canopy  visible from space over a short time period (< 2.5 years). A 'forest degradation' pixel remains forested land; i.e.,  covered by existing or regrowing trees, whereas a 'deforestation' pixel leads to the long-term (visible > 2.5 years) conversion into non-forested land  (Vancutsem et al., 2021).

Côte d’Ivoire - Degradation

Area of undisturbed Tropical Moist Forest derived from EC JRC Tropical Moist Forest dataset (Vancutsem et al., 2021). Note that values for the most recent 2 years may change in the future when new versions of the Tropical Moist Forest dataset are released, updated to reflect whether recent forest change shows temporary degradation or permanent deforestation.

Undisturbed forest maps were derived from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre's forest cover change in tropical moist forests (TMF) dataset Version 1 from 2023 (Vancutsem et al., 2021) using 41 years of Landsat time series at 30 metre spatial resolution and aggregated at department level. Undisturbed forest was defined as a closed evergreen or semi-evergreen forest without any disturbance observed over the full Landsat historical dataset (Vancutsem et al., 2021).

Côte d’Ivoire - Undisturbed forest

Ghana - Gross greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation

Ghana - Deforestation

Ghana - Degradation

Ghana - Undisturbed forest

Gross emissions from territorial deforestation. Estimates are based on the total removal of the biomass stored in the native vegetation, including above and below ground biomass, litter and deadwood. 

Gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from territorial  deforestation, expressed in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (t CO₂-eq) are determined by calculating the emissions resulting from the removal (land conversion) of native vegetation carbon stocks. Carbon stocks include the above and below ground biomass including necromass. The carbon stocks are based on the values provided by SEEG v12 (SEEG, 2024). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq by multiplying the values by 3.67, based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂.

Brazil - Gross emissions from deforestation

Total deforestation is defined as the conversion of primary native vegetation.

The territorial deforestation data is a composite dataset, integrating information from Prodes Amazon (INPE, 2025), Prodes Cerrado (INPE, 2025), and MapBiomas deforestation (MapBiomas, 2025; Souza et al., 2020) data for all other biomes. Deforestation is defined as the conversion of primary native vegetation. 

Brazil - Deforestation

Peatland areas were derived from Indonesia's official peat map, produced by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development within the Ministry of Agriculture (2019).

Indonesia - Peatland area

The total burned area per year, according to data from the Ministry of Forestry, Government of Indonesia (2025).

To estimate the area burned, we relied upon the official burned area dataset from Indonesia’s Ministry of Forestry (MoF, 2025). The dataset has been published yearly since 2015 by MoF and is mapped at 1:250,000 scale on a monthly basis by visual interpretation of the extent of forest and land fires from Landsat-8, Landsat-9 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The visually identified burned areas are then validated by experts using hotspot data from the Terra-Aqua MODIS Satellite, NOAA 20, S-NPP and Landsat-8 as well as field reports. It is worth noting that recent research indicates that this data might underestimate the total burned area. For example, Gaveau et al. (2021) present evidence that the 2019 burned area was 90% greater than the area reported by MoF.

Indonesia - Burned areas

Burned peatlands refer to the peat areas that have been affected by fire, as identified from burned area data (Ministry of Forestry, 2025)

Indonesia - Burned peatlands

Area of remaining natural forest, following the definition of The TreeMap’s Nusantara Atlas (Gaveau et al., 2021).

Natural forest area is the total area of remaining forest derived from Gaveau et al.(2022). Gaveau et al. (2022) combine primary forest cover in 2000 (Margono et al., 2014), and the global forest change data developed at the University of Maryland (Hansen et al., 2013). This definition of ‘forest’ excludes young regenerating forests, agroforests, scrublands, tree plantations, agricultural lands, grasslands, and non-vegetated areas (Gaveau et al., 2022). 

Indonesia - Natural forest

Gross greenhouse gas emissions from territorial deforestation. Estimates are based on the total biomass removal stored in above- and below-ground biomass in forests (excl. soil carbon). CO₂-eq were derived by multiplying carbon stocks by 3.67.

Gross greenhouse gas emissions from territorial deforestation (tonnes of CO2-eq) were calculated by estimating the maximum CO2-eq potentially emitted due to the full removal of the biomass as a result of territorial deforestation. This metric is calculated by multiplying territorial deforestation by the estimated carbon stock per hectare of converted land. Carbon stocks include above and below-ground biomass, excluding soil biomass. We derived local above-ground woody biomass density (carbon stocks per hectare) from Harris et al. (2021). We estimated below-ground biomass density from the above-ground biomass based on the ratio of below-ground to above-ground biomass derived from Spawn et al. (2010). We converted biomass to carbon using conversion factors of 0.47 t C t-1 for above-ground and 0.39 t C t-1 for below-ground, respectively (Diop et al., 2016). Finally, we converted carbon to CO2-eq emissions by multiplying the carbon estimates by a factor of 44/12 (or 3.67), based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂ following IPCC (2014).

Indonesia - Gross emissions from deforestation

This metric represents the total deforestation of forests occurring in a single year (Gaveau et al., 2022; The TreeMap, 2025). To calculate territorial deforestation, Gaveau et al. (2022) combine primary forest in  2000 as identified by Margono et al. (2014) and the global forest change  data developed at the University of Maryland (Hansen et al., 2013). Excluding forest losses outside primary forest in 2000 (Margono et al. 2014), ensure that the deforestation reported measures forest area change rather than changes in planted trees 

Indonesia - Deforestation

Argentina corn - Supply chain data

Argentina cotton - Supply chain data

Volume of soy produced per jurisdiction that was certified according to the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) Standard for Responsible Soy Production. No conversion of natural vegetation is permitted after June 2016 under the RTRS Principles and Criteria.

Argentina - Round Table on Responsible Soy

Gross emissions attributable to soy deforestation. Estimates are based on the total biomass removal stored in the native vegetation. The numbers are subsequently transformed in CO₂-eq by multiplying carbon stock per 3.67.

Argentina - Gross emissions from soy deforestation

The soy area in the target year that overlaps with deforestation in the five years prior to soy detection.

Argentina - Soy deforestation

Argentina - Production of soy

Percentage of the soy that is exported by a trader with a zero deforestation commitment.

Argentina - Soy traded under zero deforestation commitments

Argentina soy - Supply chain data

Argentina wood pulp - Supply chain data

Bolivia soy - Supply chain data

Gross emissions attributable to soy deforestation. Estimates are based on the total removal of the biomass stored in the native vegetation. The numbers are subsequently transformed in CO₂-eq by multiplying carbon stock per 3.67.

Bolivia - Gross emissions from soy deforestation

The soy area in a given year that overlaps with deforestation in the five years before soy detection.

Bolivia - Soy deforestation

Production of soy per jurisdiction for a given year.

Bolivia - Production of soy

Cattle deforestation is the amount of deforestation associated with the production of beef for a given year. Cattle deforestation builds on pasture deforestation and assumes a 5 year life cycle from birth to slaughter, accounting for the average pasture deforestation during the 5 year lifespan.

Cattle deforestation estimates the amount of deforestation associated with the production of beef for a given year. Cattle deforestation combines the area deforested for pastures and cattle production, assuming a 5 year life cycle from birth to slaughter, accounting for the average pasture deforestation during the 5 year lifespan.

Brazil - Cattle deforestation

Cattle deforestation per ton is the pasture deforestation associated with the full production life-cycle of beef for a given year, expressed in hectares deforested per ton of carcass. We assume a 5 year life cycle from birth to slaughter accounting for average production and pasture deforestation during the life cycle.

Cattle deforestation per ton estimates the amount of deforestation associated with the production of beef for a given year, expressed in hectares deforested per ton of carcass. Cattle assumes a 5 year life cycle from birth to slaughter accounting for the average production and pasture deforestation during the life cycle.

Brazil - Cattle deforestation per ton

Estimated cattle production in tonnes of carcass.

Cattle production (ton carcass) per municipality, per year, is calculated as: herd size (per muni/yr) * slaughter rate (per state/yr) * carcass weight (per state/yr). Herd size is derived from IBGE cattle heads (IBGE, 2025), slaughter rate: extrapolates Annualpec slaughter data (IEG & FNP, 2019), based on IBGE slaughter data and corrected for SIGSIF animal movements (MAPA, 2019). Carcass weight is derived from IBGE carcass weights (IBGE, 2025)

Brazil - Cattle production

Gross CO₂-eq emissions from cattle deforestation (using a 5-year allocation period), estimate emission from the loss of the native vegetation biomass (above- and below-ground, litter, and deadwood; excluding soil carbon).

Gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cattle deforestation, expressed in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (t CO₂-eq), are determined by calculating the emissions resulting from the removal of native vegetation carbon stocks. Carbon stocks include the above and below ground biomass including necromass. The carbon stocks are based on the values provided by SEEG v12 (SEEG, 2024). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq by multiplying the values by 3.67, based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂.

Brazil - Gross emissions from cattle deforestation

Gross CO₂-eq emissions from cattle deforestation per ton of beef, assuming a 5-year cattle lifecycle from birth to slaughter. Estimates are based on the loss of native vegetation biomass (above- and below-ground, litter, and deadwood; excluding soil carbon), with carbon stocks converted to CO₂-eq by multiplying by 3.67.

Brazil - Gross emissions from cattle deforestation per ton

Gross CO₂-eq emissions from pasture deforestation (using a 5-year allocation period), estimate emissions from the loss of the native vegetation biomass (above- and below-ground, litter, and deadwood; excluding soil carbon).

Gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from pasture deforestation, expressed in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (t CO₂-eq), are determined by calculating the emissions resulting from the removal (land conversion) of native vegetation carbon stocks. Carbon stocks include the above and below ground biomass including necromass. The carbon stocks are based on the values provided by SEEG v12 (SEEG, 2024). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq by multiplying the values by 3.67, based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂.

Brazil - Gross emissions from pasture deforestation

Net CO₂-eq emissions attributable to cattle deforestation (using a 5-year allocation period). Estimates are based on the difference between the biomass stored in the native vegetation biomass (above- and below-ground, litter, and deadwood; excluding soil carbon).

Net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cattle deforestation, expressed in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (t CO₂-eq), are estimated based on the difference between the biomass stored in the native vegetation biomass before land conversion and the carbon stored in pastures. Carbon stocks include above and below ground biomass including necromass. Both the native vegetation and the pasture carbon stocks are based on estimates provided by SEEG v12 (SEEG, 2024). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq by multiplying the values by 3.67, based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂.

Brazil - Net emissions from cattle deforestation

Net CO₂-eq emissions from cattle deforestation per ton of beef, based on the biomass difference between native vegetation and pasture, assuming a 5-year cattle lifecycle from birth to slaughter.

Brazil - Net emissions from cattle deforestation per ton

Net CO₂-eq emissions attributable to pasture deforestation (using a 5-year allocation period). Estimates are based on the difference between the biomass stored in the native vegetation biomass (above- and below-ground, litter, and deadwood; excluding soil carbon).

Net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from pasture deforestation, expressed in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (t CO₂-eq), are determined by calculating the emissions resulting from the removal of native vegetation carbon stocks, due to deforestation for pasture, and the carbon stored in pasture. Carbon stocks include above and below ground biomass including necromass. Both the native vegetation and the pasture carbon stocks are based on estimates provided by SEEG v12 (SEEG, 2024). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq by multiplying the values by 3.67, based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂.

Brazil - Net emissions from pasture deforestation

Pasture deforestation is the amount of deforestation across a five-year allocation period that is converted to pasture. To calculate it, we overlapped the annual pasture maps from MapBiomas with the annual territorial deforestation five years prior to the target year for pasture, including the year the pasture was detected.

Pasture deforestation is quantified as the total area of deforestation converted to pasture within a five-year allocation period. We calculate this by spatially overlapping annual pasture maps from MapBiomas with annual territorial deforestation data. This analysis identifies all deforestation that occurred within the five years prior to, and including, the year pasture was detected, yielding a cumulative estimate of deforestation linked to pasture land use. The territorial deforestation data is a composite dataset, integrating information from Prodes Amazon (INPE, 2025), Prodes Cerrado (INPE, 2025), and MapBiomas deforestation (MapBiomas, 2025; Souza et al., 2020) data for all other biomes.

Brazil - Pasture deforestation

Area of pasture derived from Mapbiomas collection 10 (MapBiomas, 2025)

Brazil - Pasture area

Percent export traded under a Company Zero Deforestation Commitment (ZDC) or the G4 (Compromisso Público da Pecuária – CPP) commitment.

Percent beef export volume traded under a Company Zero Deforestation Commitment (ZDC) (Global Canopy, 2025; Thomsen, 2025), G4 (Compromisso Público da Pecuária – CPP) (Greenpeace, 2009). NA for areas where no beef is exported from. ZDCs are assessed by Global Canopy following the Forest 500 guidance for those companies handling together 90% of total beef exports.

Brazil - Beef exported under a ZDC

Percent production under a Company Zero Deforestation Commitment (ZDC) or the G4 (Compromisso Público da Pecuária – CPP) commitment. Note, trader commitments within the domestic supply-chain are not assessed here.

Percent production volume (incl. exports and domestic) traded under a Company Zero Deforestation Commitment (ZDC) (Global Canopy, 2025; Thomsen, 2025), G4 (Compromisso Público da Pecuária – CPP) (Greenpeace, 2009). ZDCs are assessed by Global Canopy following the Forest 500 guidance for those companies handling together 90% of total beef exports.

Brazil - Beef produced under a ZDC

Brazil beef - Supply chain data

Number of chickens (heads) slaughtered per jurisdiction of origin.

Brazil - Chickens slaughtered

Brazil chicken - Supply chain data

Production of cocoa per jurisdiction for a given year.

Brazil - Production of cocoa

Average cocoa yield per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Cocoa yield

Brazil cocoa - Supply chain data

Production of coffee per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Production of coffee

Average coffee yield per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Coffee yield

Production of robusta coffee per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Production of robusta coffee

Average robusta coffee yield per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Robusta coffee yield

Production of arabica coffee per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Production of arabica coffee

Average arabica coffee yield per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Arabica coffee yield

Brazil coffee - Supply chain data

Production of the first crop of corn per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Production of corn (first crop)

Average municipal corn yield per jurisdiction in a given year, only the first crop harvest.

Brazil - Corn yield (first crop)

Production of the second crop of corn per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Production of corn (second crop)

Average municipal corn yield per jurisdiction in a given year, only the second crop harvest.

Brazil - Corn yield (second crop)

Total production of corn per jurisdiction in a given year (first and second crop).

Brazil - Production of corn

Average municipal corn yield per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Corn yield

Brazil corn - Supply chain data

Total production of cotton per jurisdiction in a given year(first and second crop).

Brazil - Production of cotton

Average cotton yield per jurisdiction in a given year.

Brazil - Cotton yield

Brazil cotton - Supply chain data

Brazil palm kernel - Supply chain data

Brazil palm oil - Supply chain data

Number of pigs slaughtered per jurisdiction of origin in a given year.

Brazil - Pigs slaughtered

Brazil pork - Supply chain data

Gross CO₂-eq emissions from soy deforestation (using a 5-year allocation period), estimate emissions from the loss of the native vegetation biomass, including above- and below-ground, litter, and deadwood, while excluding soil carbon.

Gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soy deforestation, expressed in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (t CO₂-eq) are determined by calculating the emissions resulting from the removal (land conversion) of native vegetation carbon stocks. Carbon stocks include the above and below ground biomass including necromass. The carbon stocks are based on the values provided by SEEG v12 (SEEG, 2024). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq by multiplying the values by 3.67, based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂.

Brazil - Gross emissions from soy deforestation

Volume of soy per jurisdiction that was certified according to the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) Standard for Responsible Soy Production. No conversion of natural vegetation is permitted after June 2016 under the RTRS Principles and Criteria.

Volume of soy produced per jurisdiction that was certified according to the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) Standard for Responsible Soy Production. No conversion of natural vegetation is permitted after June 2016 under the RTRS Principles and Criteria (RTRS, 2024).

Brazil - Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

Soy harvested area derived from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2022).

Brazil - Soy area

Soy deforestation is the amount of deforestation across a five-year allocation period that is converted to soy. To calculate it, we overlapped the annual soy maps from GLAD, in the southern hemisphere, and Mapbiomas soy, for the northern hemisphere with the annual territorial deforestation up to six years prior to the soy harvest, excluding the time from planting to harvest. 

Soy deforestation is quantified as the total area of deforestation converted to soy within a five-year allocation period accounting for a one year lag between planting and harvest. We calculate this by spatially overlapping territorial deforestation and annual soy maps from GLAD in the southern hemisphere (Song et al., 2021) and Mapbiomas soy in the northern hemisphere (MapBiomas, 2025; Souza et al., 2020). This analysis identifies all deforestation that occurred within the five years prior to planting, yielding a cumulative estimate of deforestation linked to soy production. The territorial deforestation data is a composite dataset, integrating information from Prodes Amazon (INPE, 2025), Prodes Cerrado (INPE, 2025), and MapBiomas deforestation (MapBiomas, 2025; Souza et al., 2020) data for all other biomes.

Brazil - Soy deforestation

Soy production tons derived from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2022).

Brazil - Soy production

Soy yield was derived from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2022).

Brazil - Soy yield

Percentage of soy that is exported by a trader with a zero deforestation commitment (ZDC) (Global Canopy, 2025; Thomsen, 2025), including the Soy Moratorium in the Brazilian Amazon (Abiove, 2024). ZDCs are assessed by Global Canopy following the Forest 500 guidance for those companies handling together 90% of total soy exports.

Brazil - Soy exported under a ZDC

Brazil soy - Supply chain data

Brazil sugarcane - Supply chain data

Brazil wood pulp - Supply chain data

Colombia beef - Supply chain data

Colombia cocoa - Supply chain data

Colombia - Production of coffee

Colombia - Coffee yield

Forest at risk of coffee expansion due to climate change in 2050 in hectares. Based on 2015 analysis.

Colombia - Forest at risk of coffee expansion by 2050 due to climate change

Colombia coffee - Supply chain data

Colombia palm kernel - Supply chain data

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